Defining the Role of Metastasis-Initiating Cells in Promoting Carcinogenesis in Ovarian Cancer

Simple Summary Metastasis is the main cause of poor outcomes in ovarian cancer and metastasis-initiating cells are a subpopulation of cancer cells that can effectively establish metastases. We provide an overview of their characteristics, function, and the potential of targeting them in ovarian cancer.Abstract Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy with a high prevalence of transcoelomic metastasis. Metastasis is a multi-step process and only a small percentage of cancer cells, metastasis-initiating cells (MICs), have the capacity to finally establish metastatic lesions. These MICs maintain a certain level of stemness that allows them to differentiate into other cell types with distinct transcriptomic profiles and swiftly adapt to external stresses. Furthermore, they can coordinate with the microenvironment, through reciprocal interactions, to invade and establish metastases. Therefore, identifying, characterizing, and targeting MICs is a promising strategy to counter the spread of ovarian cancer. In this review, we provided an overview of OC MICs in the context of characterization, identification through cell surface markers, and their interactions with the metastatic niche to promote metastatic colonization.