Different color varieties of Asian arowana are unlikely distinct species: Molecular and reproductive evidence

The Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus) has gained immense popularity in the ornamental fish trade due to its striking color variations. However, ongoing debates persist regarding the taxonomic classification of these distinct color varieties as separate species. This paper aims to address this issue by employing mtDNA sequencing, microsatellite genotyping, and crossing experiments. Phylogenic analyses using mitochondrial and nuclear markers across green, golden, and red varieties showed that individuals from these tree color varieties were mixed in several clusters. Crossing between different varieties generated fertile offspring. These data indicates that three color morphs of the Asian arowana should not be classified as distinct species. Acknowledging the aesthetic significance of these varieties, a holistic understanding of their taxonomic status is crucial for informed conservation strategies and sustainable management of this species.