Ionic substitution effects on the crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of rutile Zn 0.15 Nb 0.3 Ti 0.55 O 2 ceramics

In the present work, the influence of different types of ionic substitutions at Zn and Ti sites on the rutile Zn 0.15 Nb 0.3 Ti 0.55 O 2 ceramics were discussed through Rietveld refinement and complex chemical bond theory. The results indicate that different types of ions can be appropriately doped to form the rutile solid solutions. The doping of small radius ions at the Zn site leads to a reduction in crystal cell volume, and the downward trend of dielectric constant is consistent with bond ionicity; Doping large radius ions at Ti sites leads to an increase in crystal cell volume, and a more pronounced decrease in dielectric constant, which is also consistent with the trend of covalency. The trend of the Q × f value of rutile ceramics doped at different sites is consistent with the trend of the the total lattice energy.