A study of otolith function in patients with orthostatic dizziness

Background Orthostatic dizziness (OD) is the dizziness that occurs when moving from a sitting or a supine to a standing position. It is typically thought to be connected to orthostatic hypotension (OH). The otolithic control of respiratory and cardiovascular system through vestibulosympathetic reflex has been the focus of considerable recent interest. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the orthostatic dizziness and otolith organ function. Methods This study was carried on 50 adults aged from 18 to 50 years with normal peripheral hearing. Subjects were divided into two groups: controls (GI): 20 healthy adults and study group (GII): 30 patients who were complaining of OD. Patients were submitted to; blood pressure measurement in sitting and standing positions, combined vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) and subjective visual vertical and horizontal tests (SVV) and (SVH). Results The study group showed abnormal absent cVEMP, oVEMP. There were also statistically significant differences of P13 and N23 latencies and (P13N23) amplitudes between the two groups in the left ears. Both groups differed significantly in SVH values deviated to the left side. Study group were further subdivided into ten patients with OH and 20 patients with OD without OH. The both study subgroups showed abnormal absent cVEMP, oVEMP and abnormal SVH. OH patients showed statistically significant differences of cVEMP waves P13, N23 latencies in the left ears when compared with the control. Conclusions Otolith malfunction may be the cause of orthostatic dizziness (OD) in patients with and without orthostatic hypotension.