Monolith-coated microcentrifuge tubes for the easy extraction of psychoactive substances from urine samples and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination

Background: Sample extraction is one of the most critical steps in most of the analytical processes. Nowadays, there is a demand for simple approaches that can effectively extract and concentrate target analytes from complex matrices, like biofluids, with accurate and reliable results.Results: A porous monolith of poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) has been immobilized on the inner wall of a 2 mL commercial polypropylene microcentrifuge tube through radical photopolymerization, using bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide as radical initiator and 405 nm laser pointer activation. Photopolymerization parameters were adjusted to obtain a continuous and homogeneous polymer layer (0.16 mm wet polymer thickness and 31 mg dry polymer weight) in the inner tube surface. Extraction efficiency of twelve psychoactive substances was assessed by the evaluation of the effect of sample pH, extraction and desorption times, and desorption solvent volume. Moreover, matrix effect, reusability and stability of monolith-coated microcentrifuge tubes were studied. Sample extracts were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, providing limits of quantification (LOQ) from 0.2 to 2.7 mu g L-1, recoveries from 80 to 118 %, relative standard deviations lower than 17 %, and a linear range from LOQ to 500 mu g L-1.Significance: The proposed device is suitable for the easy and simple extraction of psychoactive substances from urine samples with a high portability, reduced solvent consumption, low cost, and low environmental impact.