Post-ERCP Pancreatitis Risk Factors: Is Post-Sphincterotomy Bleeding Another Risk Factor?

Background: Despite advancements in technology and expertise, ERCP carries risks of significant complications, such as pancreatitis, bleeding, and perforation. Post-ERCP pancreatitis is the most common and important complication following ERCP. In our study, we aimed to examine the relationship between patient and procedure-related parameters and the development of pancreatitis. Methods: Four hundred patients who underwent ERCP between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020, at the General Surgery Clinic of the Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Health Application and Research Center of the University of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine were retrospectively evaluated. Patient and procedure-related factors were analyzed statistically through univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Age, urgent indication, ERCP history, cholangitis, precut sphincterotomy, common bile duct diameter, pancreatic cannulation, pancreatic stent, and bleeding were statistically significant risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis (+). In multivariate analysis, the effects of urgent indication, ERCP history, cholangitis, precut sphincterotomy, common bile duct diameter, and pancreatic cannulation on post-ERCP pancreatitis were statistically significant risk factors (P<0.05). Discussion: This study demonstrates that emergency indication, ERCP history, cholangitis, precut sphincterotomy, and pancreatic cannulation are significant risk factors for the development of post- ERCP pancreatitis. One notable contribution of our study to the existing literature is the unique analysis of post-sphincterotomy bleeding as an independent factor.