Refractive lens exchange: What are the red lines?

Practical advancements in phacoemulsification techniques and intraocular lenses and the wide availability of phacoemulsification machines have led refractive lens exchange (RLE) to increase in popularity. Ethical boundaries in RLE have subsequently been pushed to include patients at higher risk of complications. In this editorial, we consider RLE outcomes and complications per type of refractive error, together with preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative ethical obligations for refractive surgeons. In the conclusions section, we propose an algorithm for ethics-guided indications to RLE.