Cemental and alveolar bone defects after chronic exposure to amoxicillin in rats (histopathologic and radiographic study)

Objectives: This study aimed to shed new light on the potential detrimental effects on cementum and adjacent alveolar bone after chronic exposure to amoxicillin.Methods: Six pregnant adult Albino rats were equally divided into two groups. Saline solution and amoxicillin (100 mg/Kg) were given to rats of control and amoxicillin group, respectively from the 13th to the 21st day of pregnancy. The same treatment was given to the pups till the 42nd day. The cementum of the first molar teeth and the surrounding alveolar bone were examined qualitatively by histopathological and scanning electron microscope, and quantitatively by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and cone beam computed tomography.Results: Amoxicillin group depicted cemental and alveolar bone defects along with resorption lacunae. Statistically significant decreases in calcium and calcium/phosphorus ratio in cementum and in calcium only in alveolar bone were evident (p <= 0.05). Overall cementum and alveolar bone densities also showed statistically significant decreases (p <= 0.05).Conclusion: Chronic amoxicillin administration displayed destructive effects on cementum and the surrounding alveolar bone which may disturb tooth attachment integrity. Therefore, it is recommended to minimize its haphazard usage during pregnancy and early childhood.