Effect of freeze-dried protectants on the survival rate and fermentation performance of fermented milk's directed vat set starters

A directed vat set (DVS) starter was proposed to improve the drawbacks of liquid starters in fermented production and enhance the survival rates of B. animalis subsp. lactis BZ11, S. thermophilus Q-1, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LB12. The protective agent formula was optimized using the response surface method (RSM), with the survival rate as the benchmark. The best combination of cryoprotectants was determined to be BZ11: 10 % skimmed milk powder, 3 % sodium glutamate, and 15 % trehalose; LB12: 10 % skim milk powder, 5 % glutamate sodium, and 10 % trehalose; Q-1: 10 % skimmed milk powder, 3 % sodium glutamate, and 10 % trehalose. The survival rate of BZ11 significantly increased to 92.87 +/- 1.25 %. The DVS fermented milk did not differ significantly from the control group regarding cholesterol removal, live cell counts and pH (p > 0.05). All DVS can be stored for at least 2500 d at -20 degrees C-this DVS starter for fermented milk benefits from its large-scale and automated commercial production.