Green synthesis and characterization of AgNPs/CDs hybrid system for enhanced oxidation resistance at physiological concentration of H2O2

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as promising antimicrobial agents due to their unique properties and broad-spectrum antimicrobial action. However, their interaction with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the bloodstream can lead to their oxidation, thereby reducing their antimicrobial effectiveness and potentially posing threats to human health. This study presents a novel approach to enhance the oxidation resistance of AgNPs by integrating them with carbon dots (CDs) to form an AgNPs/CDs hybrid system. CDs, with their exceptional biocompatibility and functionalized surface, can interact with AgNPs to provide a protective layer. Our green synthesis method employed microwave-assisted techniques using only three reagents: silver nitrate, l-tryptophan, and glucose. The characterization of the hybrid system was conducted using Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), High Resolution TEM (HRTEM), and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). UV/Vis spectroscopy revealed a red shift in the absorption peak of the hybrid system compared to pure AgNPs, confirming the interaction between CDs and AgNPs. TEM and HRTEM analyses, supported by the PASAD plug-in and Image Pro‐Plus software, respectively, elucidated the structural arrangement and interaction of these nanoparticles. Additionally, FEA computations using FreeFEM software platform forecasted the resonant wavelengths.