Biological and Pollution Aerosols on Snow and Ice—Interplay between the Atmosphere and the Cryosphere

1 BACKGROUND The cryosphere covers a relevant portion of the Earth's surface,playing a major role for terrestrial and marine biomes(Bosson et al.,2023;Sands et al.,2023;Anesio et al.,2017).Glacierets,glaciers and ice sheets represent together 10％of the global land surface,while the annual average maximum of snow cover during the winter accounts for up to 49％of the Northern Hemisphere's surface(Qin,2017).Aerosols are an-other major component of the Earth system,playing pivotal roles in the biogeochemical cycles and in the Earth radiative mass balance(Bellouin et al.,2020;Carslaw et al.,2010).