An interdecadal change in the relationship between May North Atlantic oscillation and early summer precipitation over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau around the late 1990s

Based on the observational and reanalysis datasets, a dipole pattern of the early summer (June) precipitation over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) is identified through empirical orthogonal function. In contrast to previous researches, this paper introduces the May North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) as a preceding signal and investigates its connection with subsequent early summer precipitation over the eastern TP during 1980-2019, focusing on predictive aspects. Results reveal that the correlation between NAO and primary eastern TP precipitation pattern (Precip_EOF1) has weakened since 2000. During 1980-2000, an equivalent barotropic Silk Road Pattern (SRP) observed across Eurasia triggers southerly wind anomalies over the TP. This, in turn, leads to the northward shift of the water vapor, which favors the ascending motion over the northern TP (NTP) due to water vapor convergence. Additionally, the SRP-related sensible heating also plays a critical role in vertical motion over the eastern TP by enhancing the TP thermal effect. Consequently, these factors contribute to shaping the dipole pattern of eastern TP precipitation. However, the weakened relationship between NAO and Precip_EOF1 during 2001-2019 is attributed to the absence of NAO-related atmospheric circulation over Eurasia. Further analysis suggests that these circulation anomalies arise from the interdecadal variability of the NAO and its phase shift. Moreover, when the influence of sea surface temperature anomalies over the northern North Atlantic is removed, the correlation of Precip_EOF1 with NAO and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) both become insignifi-cant. This suggests that the NAO-related dipole pattern of eastern TP precipitation is modulated by preceding northern North Atlantic sea surface temperature rather than AMO on the interdecadal timescale.