An interesting case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with manifestation in oral cavity

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of the reticuloendothelial system (bone marrow-derived histiocytes) with unknown etiology. LCH can have focal or systemic manifestations, and oral signs can present as single or multiple lesions. This article aimed to present a case of LCH with diffuse involvement of the oral mucosa and to raise awareness of the distinctive features of this disease which can be a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Recognizing from the clinicians the clinical features of the oral manifestations of LCH is important to avoid misdiagnosis and to establish the correct treatment plan. Oral lesions can be the first and sometimes the only sign of the disease. In addition, oral lesions may be an early symptom of disease recurrence or an indication of multisystem involvement. This case highlights the importance of correct diagnosis for adequate management of the disease, which favours treatment outcome. Close cooperation of surgeons, hematologists and dentists is mandatory to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective control of the disease.