Management of obese pregnant women with pre-diabetes and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes is the most common metabolic complication of pregnancy and is independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Some of these adverse outcomes are in common with those occurring in women with obesity alone (e.g. caesarean delivery), while others are unique to diabetes (e.g. ketoacidosis). Obesity confers additional risks to pregnancies complicated by abnormal glucose tolerance.