Spontaneous Tension Pneumothorax is a Rare and Life-Threatening Complication of COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review

The coronavirus disease is a recent pandemic infection, with the first case being discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Iran is one of the countries that has been afflicted by this pandemic. A 34-year-old man with no history of pre-existing disease and smoking has been hospitalized in another hospital for the past two weeks due to COVID-19 infection and symptoms of fever, cough, and dyspnea. He received standard medical treatments in that hospital. After two weeks, he was discharged from the hospital with his consent. In the afternoon of the same day, he came to the emergency department of our hospital with severe dyspnea. Tension pneumothorax in the left hemithorax, pulmonary collapse, and shifting mediastinal elements to the contralateral side were observed in his chest x-ray. Tension pneumothorax is an unusual symptom in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Pneumothorax has been reported in 1% of COVID-19 patients who need hospitalization, 2% of those who need intensive care unit admission, and 1% of those who die from the infection. Spontaneous pneumothorax must be ruled out in COVID-19 patients with dyspnea and chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, or hypoxemia. It is critical to be familiar with these symptoms to make an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. A thorough physical examination and serial chest X-rays can be helpful tools in the diagnosis and management of the disease.