Industrial perspectives on the upscaling of perovskite materials for photovoltaic applications and its environmental impacts

Perovskite solar technology has already shown its potential to enter commercial markets within only a decade of research. The exciting features like high specific power, low cost of manufacturing, and higher low light performance added principal value in several applications to stand out from other technologies. First, we discuss the commonly used deposition techniques in laboratories and industries to coat perovskites. Later, the crucial parameters to consider while designing a module are addressed. For example, it is essential to have robust packaging to fabricated modules to prevent any degradation from moisture and oxygen. Further, we discuss the technological exposure of perovskite to highly emerging markets and their opportunities. Finally, we address the environmental impacts of the perovskite module by life cycle assessment and proper recycling methods to ensure sustainability and improve energy payback time.