Prospective Evaluation of Sexual Dysfunction in Men With Chronic Pancreatitis

Objective Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and its association with quality of life (QOL) in men with chronic pancreatitis (CP).Male patients with CP were prospectively enrolled in our pancreas center and completed the following 4 validated questionnaires: International Index of Erectile Function 5, Erectile Hardness Score, Pancreatitis Quality of Life Instrument, and Short Form Survey. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe SD based on review of questionnaires.Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, of which 18 patients had SD (mild in 9, moderate in 1, and severe in 8 patients). No significant differences were seen demographic or clinical characteristics in patients with and without SD. Patients with SD had more abdominal pain compared with those without SD (94.4% vs 83.3%, P = 0.001). No significant differences were noted in QOL metrics between the 2 groups.This pilot study shows that SD is present in 60% males with CP. No difference was noted in the QOL of patients with and without SD, albeit limited by our small sample size. Physicians caring for CP patients should routinely inquire for symptoms of SD and offer a urology referral if indicated.Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is characterized by chronic unrelenting pain, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and type 3c diabetes.1 Given that CP is a multifactorial syndrome with a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors, its natural history is poorly understood. Therefore, a definitive cure for CP is currently not available and most treatment strategies are targeted at early diagnosis, symptom management, and slowing disease progression.The nature of unrelenting symptoms along with limited treatment modalities has often been associated with poor quality of life (QOL) in CP.2,3 Several factors have been shown to contribute to poor QOL in these patients such as chronic pain, opioid use, alcohol and tobacco use, sleep disorders, and psychosocial and economic factors.2,4-9It has been previously reported that sexual dysfunction (SD) is associated with other chronic conditions, especially those that involve chronic pain and opioid use. Among chronic gastrointestinal conditions, SD has been reported in inflammatory diseases,10-16 chronic liver disease,16-21 peptic ulcer disease,22,23 and irritable bowel syndrome.24,25 Sexual dysfunction, when present, can significantly impact a person's QOL and may be associated with poor psychosocial outcomes. It is possible that SD, in synergy with chronic pain, may likely lead to even worse QOL.While other QOL metrics such as sleep disturbances and psychiatric comorbidities have been studied in patients with CP, SD has not been previously studied in these patients.9 Generic QOL instruments such as Short Form 12 (SF-12) do not specifically address sexual health. The recently developed disease-specific PANcreatitis Quality of Life Instrument (PANQOLI) also has only one question addressing the person's ability to perform sexual activity.We hypothesized that patients with CP, who have chronic pain and other debilitating symptoms, may have unrecognized SD. Therefore, in this pilot study, we sought to study the prevalence of SD in a prospectively enrolled cohort of male patients with CP.Objective Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and its association with quality of life (QOL) in men with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Male patients with CP were prospectively enrolled in our pancreas center and completed the following 4 validated questionnaires: International Index of Erectile Function 5, Erectile Hardness Score, Pancreatitis Quality of Life Instrument, and Short Form Survey. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe SD based on review of questionnaires.Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, of which 18 patients had SD (mild in 9, moderate in 1, and severe in 8 patients). No significant differences were seen demographic or clinical characteristics in patients with and without SD. Patients with SD had more abdominal pain compared with those without SD (94.4% vs 83.3%, P = 0.001). No significant differences were noted in QOL metrics between the 2 groups.This pilot study shows that SD is present in 60% males with CP. No difference was noted in the QOL of patients with and without SD, albeit limited by our small sample size. Physicians caring for CP patients should routinely inquire for symptoms of SD and offer a urology referral if indicated.Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is characterized by chronic unrelenting pain, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and type 3c diabetes.1 Given that CP is a multifactorial syndrome with a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors, its natural history is poorly understood. Therefore, a definitive cure for CP is currently not available and most treatment strategies are targeted at early diagnosis, symptom management, and slowing disease progression.The nature of unrelenting symptoms along with limited treatment modalities has often been associated with poor quality of life (QOL) in CP.2,3 Several factors have been shown to contribute to poor QOL in these patients such as chronic pain, opioid use, alcohol and tobacco use, sleep disorders, and psychosocial and economic factors.2,4-9It has been previously reported that sexual dysfunction (SD) is associated with other chronic conditions, especially those that involve chronic pain and opioid use. Among chronic gastrointestinal conditions, SD has been reported in inflammatory diseases,10-16 chronic liver disease,16-21 peptic ulcer disease,22,23 and irritable bowel syndrome.24,25 Sexual dysfunction, when present, can significantly impact a person's QOL and may be associated with poor psychosocial outcomes. It is possible that SD, in synergy with chronic pain, may likely lead to even worse QOL.While other QOL metrics such as sleep disturbances and psychiatric comorbidities have been studied in patients with CP, SD has not been previously studied in these patients.9 Generic QOL instruments such as Short Form 12 (SF-12) do not specifically address sexual health. The recently developed disease-specific PANcreatitis Quality of Life Instrument (PANQOLI) also has only one question addressing the person's ability to perform sexual activity.We hypothesized that patients with CP, who have chronic pain and other debilitating symptoms, may have unrecognized SD. Therefore, in this pilot study, we sought to study the prevalence of SD in a prospectively enrolled cohort of male patients with CP.Objective Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and its association with quality of life (QOL) in men with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Male patients with CP were prospectively enrolled in our pancreas center and completed the following 4 validated questionnaires: International Index of Erectile Function 5, Erectile Hardness Score, Pancreatitis Quality of Life Instrument, and Short Form Survey. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe SD based on review of questionnaires.Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, of which 18 patients had SD (mild in 9, moderate in 1, and severe in 8 patients). No significant differences were seen demographic or clinical characteristics in patients with and without SD. Patients with SD had more abdominal pain compared with those without SD (94.4% vs 83.3%, P = 0.001). No significant differences were noted in QOL metrics between the 2 groups.This pilot study shows that SD is present in 60% males with CP. No difference was noted in the QOL of patients with and without SD, albeit limited by our small sample size. Physicians caring for CP patients should routinely inquire for symptoms of SD and offer a urology referral if indicated.Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is characterized by chronic unrelenting pain, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and type 3c diabetes.1 Given that CP is a multifactorial syndrome with a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors, its natural history is poorly understood. Therefore, a definitive cure for CP is currently not available and most treatment strategies are targeted at early diagnosis, symptom management, and slowing disease progression.The nature of unrelenting symptoms along with limited treatment modalities has often been associated with poor quality of life (QOL) in CP.2,3 Several factors have been shown to contribute to poor QOL in these patients such as chronic pain, opioid use, alcohol and tobacco use, sleep disorders, and psychosocial and economic factors.2,4-9It has been previously reported that sexual dysfunction (SD) is associated with other chronic conditions, especially those that involve chronic pain and opioid use. Among chronic gastrointestinal conditions, SD has been reported in inflammatory diseases,10-16 chronic liver disease,16-21 peptic ulcer disease,22,23 and irritable bowel syndrome.24,25 Sexual dysfunction, when present, can significantly impact a person's QOL and may be associated with poor psychosocial outcomes. It is possible that SD, in synergy with chronic pain, may likely lead to even worse QOL.While other QOL metrics such as sleep disturbances and psychiatric comorbidities have been studied in patients with CP, SD has not been previously studied in these patients.9 Generic QOL instruments such as Short Form 12 (SF-12) do not specifically address sexual health. The recently developed disease-specific PANcreatitis Quality of Life Instrument (PANQOLI) also has only one question addressing the person's ability to perform sexual activity.We hypothesized that patients with CP, who have chronic pain and other debilitating symptoms, may have unrecognized SD. Therefore, in this pilot study, we sought to study the prevalence of SD in a prospectively enrolled cohort of male patients with CP.Objective Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and its association with quality of life (QOL) in men with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Male patients with CP were prospectively enrolled in our pancreas center and completed the following 4 validated questionnaires: International Index of Erectile Function 5, Erectile Hardness Score, Pancreatitis Quality of Life Instrument, and Short Form Survey. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe SD based on review of questionnaires.Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, of which 18 patients had SD (mild in 9, moderate in 1, and severe in 8 patients). No significant differences were seen demographic or clinical characteristics in patients with and without SD. Patients with SD had more abdominal pain compared with those without SD (94.4% vs 83.3%, P = 0.001). No significant differences were noted in QOL metrics between the 2 groups.This pilot study shows that SD is present in 60% males with CP. No difference was noted in the QOL of patients with and without SD, albeit limited by our small sample size. Physicians caring for CP patients should routinely inquire for symptoms of SD and offer a urology referral if indicated.Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is characterized by chronic unrelenting pain, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and type 3c diabetes.1 Given that CP is a multifactorial syndrome with a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors, its natural history is poorly understood. Therefore, a definitive cure for CP is currently not available and most treatment strategies are targeted at early diagnosis, symptom management, and slowing disease progression.The nature of unrelenting symptoms along with limited treatment modalities has often been associated with poor quality of life (QOL) in CP.2,3 Several factors have been shown to contribute to poor QOL in these patients such as chronic pain, opioid use, alcohol and tobacco use, sleep disorders, and psychosocial and economic factors.2,4-9It has been previously reported that sexual dysfunction (SD) is associated with other chronic conditions, especially those that involve chronic pain and opioid use. Among chronic gastrointestinal conditions, SD has been reported in inflammatory diseases,10-16 chronic liver disease,16-21 peptic ulcer disease,22,23 and irritable bowel syndrome.24,25 Sexual dysfunction, when present, can significantly impact a person's QOL and may be associated with poor psychosocial outcomes. It is possible that SD, in synergy with chronic pain, may likely lead to even worse QOL.While other QOL metrics such as sleep disturbances and psychiatric comorbidities have been studied in patients with CP, SD has not been previously studied in these patients.9 Generic QOL instruments such as Short Form 12 (SF-12) do not specifically address sexual health. The recently developed disease-specific PANcreatitis Quality of Life Instrument (PANQOLI) also has only one question addressing the person's ability to perform sexual activity.We hypothesized that patients with CP, who have chronic pain and other debilitating symptoms, may have unrecognized SD. Therefore, in this pilot study, we sought to study the prevalence of SD in a prospectively enrolled cohort of male patients with CP.Objective Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and its association with quality of life (QOL) in men with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Male patients with CP were prospectively enrolled in our pancreas center and completed the following 4 validated questionnaires: International Index of Erectile Function 5, Erectile Hardness Score, Pancreatitis Quality of Life Instrument, and Short Form Survey. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe SD based on review of questionnaires.Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, of which 18 patients had SD (mild in 9, moderate in 1, and severe in 8 patients). No significant differences were seen demographic or clinical characteristics in patients with and without SD. Patients with SD had more abdominal pain compared with those without SD (94.4% vs 83.3%, P = 0.001). No significant differences were noted in QOL metrics between the 2 groups.This pilot study shows that SD is present in 60% males with CP. No difference was noted in the QOL of patients with and without SD, albeit limited by our small sample size. Physicians caring for CP patients should routinely inquire for symptoms of SD and offer a urology referral if indicated.Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is characterized by chronic unrelenting pain, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and type 3c diabetes.1 Given that CP is a multifactorial syndrome with a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors, its natural history is poorly understood. Therefore, a definitive cure for CP is currently not available and most treatment strategies are targeted at early diagnosis, symptom management, and slowing disease progression.The nature of unrelenting symptoms along with limited treatment modalities has often been associated with poor quality of life (QOL) in CP.2,3 Several factors have been shown to contribute to poor QOL in these patients such as chronic pain, opioid use, alcohol and tobacco use, sleep disorders, and psychosocial and economic factors.2,4-9It has been previously reported that sexual dysfunction (SD) is associated with other chronic conditions, especially those that involve chronic pain and opioid use. Among chronic gastrointestinal conditions, SD has been reported in inflammatory diseases,10-16 chronic liver disease,16-21 peptic ulcer disease,22,23 and irritable bowel syndrome.24,25 Sexual dysfunction, when present, can significantly impact a person's QOL and may be associated with poor psychosocial outcomes. It is possible that SD, in synergy with chronic pain, may likely lead to even worse QOL.While other QOL metrics such as sleep disturbances and psychiatric comorbidities have been studied in patients with CP, SD has not been previously studied in these patients.9 Generic QOL instruments such as Short Form 12 (SF-12) do not specifically address sexual health. The recently developed disease-specific PANcreatitis Quality of Life Instrument (PANQOLI) also has only one question addressing the person's ability to perform sexual activity.We hypothesized that patients with CP, who have chronic pain and other debilitating symptoms, may have unrecognized SD. Therefore, in this pilot study, we sought to study the prevalence of SD in a prospectively enrolled cohort of male patients with CP.Objective Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and its association with quality of life (QOL) in men with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Male patients with CP were prospectively enrolled in our pancreas center and completed the following 4 validated questionnaires: International Index of Erectile Function 5, Erectile Hardness Score, Pancreatitis Quality of Life Instrument, and Short Form Survey. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe SD based on review of questionnaires.Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, of which 18 patients had SD (mild in 9, moderate in 1, and severe in 8 patients). No significant differences were seen demographic or clinical characteristics in patients with and without SD. Patients with SD had more abdominal pain compared with those without SD (94.4% vs 83.3%, P = 0.001). No significant differences were noted in QOL metrics between the 2 groups.This pilot study shows that SD is present in 60% males with CP. No difference was noted in the QOL of patients with and without SD, albeit limited by our small sample size. Physicians caring for CP patients should routinely inquire for symptoms of SD and offer a urology referral if indicated.Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is characterized by chronic unrelenting pain, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and type 3c diabetes.1 Given that CP is a multifactorial syndrome with a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors, its natural history is poorly understood. Therefore, a definitive cure for CP is currently not available and most treatment strategies are targeted at early diagnosis, symptom management, and slowing disease progression.The nature of unrelenting symptoms along with limited treatment modalities has often been associated with poor quality of life (QOL) in CP.2,3 Several factors have been shown to contribute to poor QOL in these patients such as chronic pain, opioid use, alcohol and tobacco use, sleep disorders, and psychosocial and economic factors.2,4-9It has been previously reported that sexual dysfunction (SD) is associated with other chronic conditions, especially those that involve chronic pain and opioid use. Among chronic gastrointestinal conditions, SD has been reported in inflammatory diseases,10-16 chronic liver disease,16-21 peptic ulcer disease,22,23 and irritable bowel syndrome.24,25 Sexual dysfunction, when present, can significantly impact a person's QOL and may be associated with poor psychosocial outcomes. It is possible that SD, in synergy with chronic pain, may likely lead to even worse QOL.While other QOL metrics such as sleep disturbances and psychiatric comorbidities have been studied in patients with CP, SD has not been previously studied in these patients.9 Generic QOL instruments such as Short Form 12 (SF-12) do not specifically address sexual health. The recently developed disease-specific PANcreatitis Quality of Life Instrument (PANQOLI) also has only one question addressing the person's ability to perform sexual activity.We hypothesized that patients with CP, who have chronic pain and other debilitating symptoms, may have unrecognized SD. Therefore, in this pilot study, we sought to study the prevalence of SD in a prospectively enrolled cohort of male patients with CP.Objective Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and its association with quality of life (QOL) in men with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Male patients with CP were prospectively enrolled in our pancreas center and completed the following 4 validated questionnaires: International Index of Erectile Function 5, Erectile Hardness Score, Pancreatitis Quality of Life Instrument, and Short Form Survey. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe SD based on review of questionnaires.Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, of which 18 patients had SD (mild in 9, moderate in 1, and severe in 8 patients). No significant differences were seen demographic or clinical characteristics in patients with and without SD. Patients with SD had more abdominal pain compared with those without SD (94.4% vs 83.3%, P = 0.001). No significant differences were noted in QOL metrics between the 2 groups.This pilot study shows that SD is present in 60% males with CP. No difference was noted in the QOL of patients with and without SD, albeit limited by our small sample size. Physicians caring for CP patients should routinely inquire for symptoms of SD and offer a urology referral if indicated.Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is characterized by chronic unrelenting pain, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and type 3c diabetes.1 Given that CP is a multifactorial syndrome with a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors, its natural history is poorly understood. Therefore, a definitive cure for CP is currently not available and most treatment strategies are targeted at early diagnosis, symptom management, and slowing disease progression.The nature of unrelenting symptoms along with limited treatment modalities has often been associated with poor quality of life (QOL) in CP.2,3 Several factors have been shown to contribute to poor QOL in these patients such as chronic pain, opioid use, alcohol and tobacco use, sleep disorders, and psychosocial and economic factors.2,4-9It has been previously reported that sexual dysfunction (SD) is associated with other chronic conditions, especially those that involve chronic pain and opioid use. Among chronic gastrointestinal conditions, SD has been reported in inflammatory diseases,10-16 chronic liver disease,16-21 peptic ulcer disease,22,23 and irritable bowel syndrome.24,25 Sexual dysfunction, when present, can significantly impact a person's QOL and may be associated with poor psychosocial outcomes. It is possible that SD, in synergy with chronic pain, may likely lead to even worse QOL.While other QOL metrics such as sleep disturbances and psychiatric comorbidities have been studied in patients with CP, SD has not been previously studied in these patients.9 Generic QOL instruments such as Short Form 12 (SF-12) do not specifically address sexual health. The recently developed disease-specific PANcreatitis Quality of Life Instrument (PANQOLI) also has only one question addressing the person's ability to perform sexual activity.We hypothesized that patients with CP, who have chronic pain and other debilitating symptoms, may have unrecognized SD. Therefore, in this pilot study, we sought to study the prevalence of SD in a prospectively enrolled cohort of male patients with CP.Objective Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and its association with quality of life (QOL) in men with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Male patients with CP were prospectively enrolled in our pancreas center and completed the following 4 validated questionnaires: International Index of Erectile Function 5, Erectile Hardness Score, Pancreatitis Quality of Life Instrument, and Short Form Survey. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe SD based on review of questionnaires.Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, of which 18 patients had SD (mild in 9, moderate in 1, and severe in 8 patients). No significant differences were seen demographic or clinical characteristics in patients with and without SD. Patients with SD had more abdominal pain compared with those without SD (94.4% vs 83.3%, P = 0.001). No significant differences were noted in QOL metrics between the 2 groups.This pilot study shows that SD is present in 60% males with CP. No difference was noted in the QOL of patients with and without SD, albeit limited by our small sample size. Physicians caring for CP patients should routinely inquire for symptoms of SD and offer a urology referral if indicated.Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is characterized by chronic unrelenting pain, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and type 3c diabetes.1 Given that CP is a multifactorial syndrome with a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors, its natural history is poorly understood. Therefore, a definitive cure for CP is currently not available and most treatment strategies are targeted at early diagnosis, symptom management, and slowing disease progression.The nature of unrelenting symptoms along with limited treatment modalities has often been associated with poor quality of life (QOL) in CP.2,3 Several factors have been shown to contribute to poor QOL in these patients such as chronic pain, opioid use, alcohol and tobacco use, sleep disorders, and psychosocial and economic factors.2,4-9It has been previously reported that sexual dysfunction (SD) is associated with other chronic conditions, especially those that involve chronic pain and opioid use. Among chronic gastrointestinal conditions, SD has been reported in inflammatory diseases,10-16 chronic liver disease,16-21 peptic ulcer disease,22,23 and irritable bowel syndrome.24,25 Sexual dysfunction, when present, can significantly impact a person's QOL and may be associated with poor psychosocial outcomes. It is possible that SD, in synergy with chronic pain, may likely lead to even worse QOL.While other QOL metrics such as sleep disturbances and psychiatric comorbidities have been studied in patients with CP, SD has not been previously studied in these patients.9 Generic QOL instruments such as Short Form 12 (SF-12) do not specifically address sexual health. The recently developed disease-specific PANcreatitis Quality of Life Instrument (PANQOLI) also has only one question addressing the person's ability to perform sexual activity.We hypothesized that patients with CP, who have chronic pain and other debilitating symptoms, may have unrecognized SD. Therefore, in this pilot study, we sought to study the prevalence of SD in a prospectively enrolled cohort of male patients with CP.Objective Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and its association with quality of life (QOL) in men with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Male patients with CP were prospectively enrolled in our pancreas center and completed the following 4 validated questionnaires: International Index of Erectile Function 5, Erectile Hardness Score, Pancreatitis Quality of Life Instrument, and Short Form Survey. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe SD based on review of questionnaires.Thirty patients were enrolled in the study, of which 18 patients had SD (mild in 9, moderate in 1, and severe in 8 patients). No significant differences were seen demographic or clinical characteristics in patients with and without SD. Patients with SD had more abdominal pain compared with those without SD (94.4% vs 83.3%, P = 0.001). No significant differences were noted in QOL metrics between the 2 groups.This pilot study shows that SD is present in 60% males with CP. No difference was noted in the QOL of patients with and without SD, albeit limited by our small sample size. Physicians caring for CP patients should routinely inquire for symptoms of SD and offer a urology referral if indicated.Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibroinflammatory disorder of the pancreas that is characterized by chronic unrelenting pain, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and type 3c diabetes.1 Given that CP is a multifactorial syndrome with a complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors, its natural history is poorly understood. Therefore, a definitive cure for CP is currently not available and most treatment strategies are targeted at early diagnosis, symptom management, and slowing disease progression.The nature of unrelenting symptoms along with limited treatment modalities has often been associated with poor quality of life (QOL) in CP.2,3 Several factors have been shown to contribute to poor QOL in these patients such as chronic pain, opioid use, alcohol and tobacco use, sleep disorders, and psychosocial and economic factors.2,4-9It has been previously reported that sexual dysfunction (SD) is associated with other chronic conditions, especially those that involve chronic pain and opioid use. Among chronic gastrointestinal conditions, SD has been reported in inflammatory diseases,10-16 chronic liver disease,16-21 peptic ulcer disease,22,23 and irritable bowel syndrome.24,25 Sexual dysfunction, when present, can significantly impact a person's QOL and may be associated with poor psychosocial outcomes. It is possible that SD, in synergy with chronic pain, may likely lead to even worse QOL.While other QOL metrics such as sleep disturbances and psychiatric comorbidities have been studied in patients with CP, SD has not been previously studied in these patients.9 Generic QOL instruments such as Short Form 12 (SF-12) do not specifically address sexual health. The recently developed disease-specific PANcreatitis Quality of Life Instrument (PANQOLI) also has only one question addressing the person's ability to perform sexual activity.We hypothesized that patients with CP, who have chronic pain and other debilitating symptoms, may have unrecognized SD. Therefore, in this pilot study, we sought to study the prevalence of SD in a prospectively enrolled cohort of male patients with CP.