Metals Toxicity Associated with Oxidative Stress and Altered Level of Antioxidants in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease

In this review, metals role in the production of oxidative stress and its association with the altered antioxidant levels have been focused in AD. We have found that metals accumulation is responsible for increased oxidative stress that induces a critical event in the pathogenesis of AD. These pathological changes might alter the antioxidant levels to attenuate free radicals in the body. Some nutritional supplement such as Vitamin E, vitamin C, and vitamin B12 may also have essential roles in the treatment of AD. Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common forms of dementia in the elderly population. Altered levels of trace metals and heavy metals accumulation such as Iron, Copper, Zinc, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury have been associated with oxidative stress production in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Metals accumulation is also associated with overproduced amyloid-beta may alter the level of antioxidants in AD patients. Dietary intake of essential antioxidants has been suggested to delay or prevent cognitive impairment by many studies.