Constructing Highly Efficient Ti Sites of TS-1 for Alkene Epoxidation

With the development of green engineering in manufacturing processes, emerging eco-sustainable technologies in chemical engineering systems has engendered a mounting interest. As one of the eco-sustainable green systems, alkene epoxidation with TS-1 and H2O2 is flourishing. In this review, a comprehensive summary for state-of-the-art synthetic strategies of high-efficient Ti sites in TS-1 for alkene epoxidation are summarized in three aspects (i.e., direct regulation of Ti active sites, physical structure adjustment of TS-1 particles, and regulation of microenvironment surrounding Ti active sites). These strategies could improve alkene epoxidation by modifying intrinsic active sites, improving molecules diffusion, adsorption, and desorption, and enhancing stability of reaction intermediates. Moreover, epoxidation mechanisms of different strategies and corresponding characterizations are elaborated and summarized systemically. Finally, we analyzed the current limitations and future perspectives on construction and characterization of high-efficiency Ti sites. This review could inspire more innovative research to boost the development of eco-sustainable alkene epoxidation.