Maintenance regimen of GM‐CSF with rituximab and lenalidomide improves survival in high‐risk B‐cell lymphoma by modulating natural killer cells
Cancer Medicine(2023)
Abstract
Abstract Background The treatment of high‐risk B‐cell lymphoma (BCL) remains a challenge, especially in the elderly. Methods A total of 83 patients (median age 65 years), who have achieved a complete response after induction therapy, were divided into two groups: R 2 + GM‐CSF regimen (lenalidomide, rituximab, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor [GM‐CSF]) as maintenance therapy ( n = 39) and observation ( n = 44). The efficacy of the R 2 + GM‐CSF regimen as maintenance in patient with high‐risk BCL was analyzed and compared with observation. Results The number of natural killer cells in patients increased after R 2 + GM‐CSF regimen administration (0.131 × 10 9 /L vs. 0.061 × 10 9 /L, p = 0.0244). Patients receiving the R 2 + GM‐CSF regimen as maintenance therapy had longer remission (duration of response: 18.9 vs. 11.3 months, p = 0.001), and longer progression‐free survival (not reached (NR) vs. 31.7 months, p = 0.037), and overall survival (OS) (NR vs. NR, p = 0.015). The R 2 + GM‐CSF regimen was safe and well tolerated. High international prognostic index score ( p = 0.012), and high tumor burden ( p = 0.005) appeared to be independent prognostic factors for worse PFS. Conclusions The maintenance therapy of R 2 + GM‐CSF regimen may improve survival in high‐risk BCL patients, which might be modulated by amplification of natural killer cells. The efficacy of the R 2 + GM‐CSF maintenance regimen has to be further validated in prospective random clinical trials.
MoreTranslated text
Key words
b‐cell lymphoma,natural killer cells,rituximab,natural killer
AI Read Science
Must-Reading Tree
Example
Generate MRT to find the research sequence of this paper
Chat Paper
Summary is being generated by the instructions you defined