Optimization of mixed cation organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cell performance

In this paper, the experimentally studied perovskite solar cell structure, ITO/SnO 2 /(FAPbI 3 )[Formula: see text] (MAPbBr[Formula: see text]Cl y ) x /Spiro-OMeTAD/Au, is considered as our primary cell structure. The Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator is used to investigate the cell performance. The cell performance is obtained after optimizing the influence of layer thickness (open circuit [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V, short circuit [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mA/cm 2 , fill [Formula: see text]%, power conversion [Formula: see text]%). In addition, various inorganic hole transporting layers are incorporated in place of Spiro-OMeTAD to improve cell stability and performance. Finally, with an open circuit [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V, a short circuit [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mA/cm 2 , a fill [Formula: see text]%, and a power conversion efficiency = 19.55%, the optimized cell structure i.e., ITO/SnO 2 /(FAPbI 3 )[Formula: see text](MAPbBr[Formula: see text]Cl y ) x /CulnSe 2 /Au, performs better. The cell performance is examined in relation to defect density in the absorber layer and at the layer interface. The primary cell results are also validated with the existing experimental results in the literature. This research will pave the way for the development of highly efficient mix-cation perovskite solar cells.