Agricultural Production Systems and Climate Change Ductility Enhancement in the Fitri Watershed in Chad

Chad is one of the most vulnerable countries affected by climate changes. The combination of poverty, demographic pressure and overexploitation of natural resources coupled with the risks of drought and flooding, expose the country to numerous humanitarian emergencies. The objective of this study is to understand the role of agricultural production systems in building resilience to climate change in the Fitri watershed in Chad. The Faidherbia albida agroforestry system increases water infiltration and soil fertility rates and conserves biodiversity by limiting the consequences of climate change. Mixed cropping significantly reduces the risk of crop failure due to climatic variations. The survey was carried out on a sample of 178 households divided into 49, 57 and 72 households, respectively in the Mochi, Zegue and Yao areas. The floristic inventory was carried out using 50m square plots. A total of 165 plots were determined in the different farming systems. The area under each agricultural crop varies from one village to another. The ecologically important species are Faidherbia albida, Balanites aegyptiaca, Prosopis juliflora and Mangifera indica. Regardless of the area studied, the Fabaceae, Balanitaceae, Mimosaceae, Arecaceae, Rhamnaceae, Capparaceae, Meliaceae and Asclepiadaceae families have an IVF of 10 or more. The high density of woody plants in the agrosystems shows that the individuals are full of seed potential that could contribute to their renewal. The height dominance of the trees implies their carbon sequestration capacity since the sequestered carbon accumulates in the above-ground and below-ground biomass.