Clinical practice guideline on bladder cancer (Part I)

Abstract Bladder cancer represents one of the most prevalent malignant tumors affecting the urinary system. As per data disclosed by the National Cancer Registration Center of China in 2019, the incidence of bladder cancer was 5.80 per 100,000 in 2015, placing it as the thirteenth most common systemic malignancy. Bladder cancer poses a substantial threat to public health in China, underlining the critical importance of standardizing diagnosis and treatment to enhance clinical outcomes. This clinical practice guideline for bladder cancer centers on the etiologies, clinical presentations, and diagnostic procedures for suspected bladder cancer, in addition to the histopathology and staging of urothelial bladder cancer.