Stress

This article on stress covers four topics. An overview is given on how persons cope with chronic stress and trauma. Classic theories of the psychology of stress, namely the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, the Salutogenic Model, and the Conservation of Resources Theory, are outlined. Next, the meaning-making process, the Shift-and-Persist Model, and the regulatory flexibility perspective will describe specific cognitive and emotional regulatory processes potentially leading to successful stress adaptation. The article will end by summarizing current theoretical and empirical evidence on stress resilience from different contextual levels.