Measurement of Sequential ϒ Suppression in Au+Au Collisions at s<…
STAR Collaboration,B. E. Aboona,J. Adam,L. Adamczyk,J. R. Adams,I. Aggarwal,M. M. Aggarwal,Z. Ahammed,D. Anderson,E. C. Aschenauer,J. Atchison,V. Bairathi,W. Baker,J. G. Ball Cap,K. N. Barish,R. Bellwied,P. Bhagat,A. Bhasin,Somadutta Bhatta,J. Bielčík,J. Bielčíková,J. D. Brandenburg,X. Cai,H. Caines,M. Calderón De La Barca Sánchez,D. Cebra,J. Ceska,I. Chakaberia,P. Chaloupka,B. K. Chan,Z. Chang,D. Chen,J. Chen,J. H. Chen,Z. Chen,J. Cheng,Y. Cheng,S. Choudhury,W. Christie,X. Chu,H. J. Crawford,M. Csanád,G. Dale-Gau,Arpan Das,M. Daugherity,I. M. Deppner,A. Dhamija,L. Di Carlo,L. Didenko,P. Dixit,X. Dong,J. L. Drachenberg,E. Duckworth,J. C. Dunlop,J. Engelage,G. Eppley,S. Esumi,O. Evdokimov,A. Ewigleben,O. Eyser,R. Fatemi,S. Fazio,C. Feng,Yanting Feng,E. Finch,Y. Fisyak,F. Flor,C. Fu,C. A. Gagliardi,T. Galatyuk,F. J. M. Geurts,Nirmal Ghimire,A. Gibson,K. Gopal,X. Gou,D. Grosnick,A. Gupta,W. Guryn,A. Hamed,Yi Fei Han,S. Harabasz,M. D. Harasty,J. W. Harris,H. Harrison,W. He,X. He,Yunjian He,S. Heppelmann,N. Herrmann,L. Holub,C. Hu,Q. Hu,Yifan Hu,H. Z. Huang,H. Z. Huang,S. Huang,Tao Huang,X. Huang,Y. Huang,Y. Huang,T. J. Humanic,D. Isenhower,M. Isshiki,W. W. Jacobs,Ashish Jalotra,C. Jena,A. Jentsch,Y. Ji,J. Jia,C. Jin,X. Ju,E. G. Judd,S. Kabana,M. L. Kabir,S. Kagamaster,D. Kalinkin,K. Kang,D. Kapukchyan,K. Kauder,H. W. Ke,D. Keane,M. Kelsey,Y. V. Khyzhniak,D. P. Kikoła,B. Kimelman,D. Kincses,I. Kisel,A. Kiselev,A. G. Knospe,H. S. Ko,L. K. Kosarzewski,L. Kramárik,L. Kumar,Sanjeev Kumar,R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli,R. Lacey,J. M. Landgraf,J. Lauret,A. Lebedev,J. H. Lee,Y. H. Leung,N. A. Lewis,C. Li,C. Li,W. Li,X. Li,Y. Li,Y. Li,Z. Li,X. Liang,Y. Liang,R. Licenik,T. H. Lin,M. A. Lisa,C. Liu,F. Liu,H. Liu,H. Liu,L. Liu,T. Liu,X. Liu,Y. Liu,Z. Liu,T. Ljubičić,W. J. Llope,O. Lomicky,R. S. Longacre,E. Loyd,Tingting Lu,N. S. Lukow,X. Luo,Lishuang Ma,R. Ma,Y. Ma,N. Magdy,D. Mallick,S. Margetis,C. Markert,H. S. Matis,J. Mazer,G. McNamara,K. Mi,S. Mioduszewski,B. Mohanty,I. Mooney,A. Mukherjee,M. I. Nagy,A. S. Nain,J. D. Nam,Md. Nasim,D. Neff,J. M. Nelson,D. B. Nemes,M. Nie,T. Niida,R. Nishitani,T. Nonaka,A. S. Nunes,G. Odyniec,A. Ogawa,S. B. Oh,K. Okubo,B. S. Page,R. Pak,Jisi Pan,A. Pandav,A. K. Pandey,T. Pani,A. Paul,B. Pawlik,D. Pawłowska,C. Perkins,J. Pluta,B. R. Pokhrel,M. Posik,T. Protzman,V. Prozorova,N. K. Pruthi,M. Przybycień,J. Putschke,Z. H. Qin,H. Qiu,A. Quintero,C. Racz,S. K. Radhakrishnan,N. Raha,R. L. Ray,R. G. Reed,H. G. Ritter,Charles W. Robertson,M. Robotkova,J. L. Romero,M. A. Rosales Aguilar,D. Roy,P. Chowdhury,L. Ruan,A. K. Sahoo,N. Sahoo,H. Sako,S. Salur,Susumu Sato,W. B. Schmidke,N. Schmitz,F. Seck,J. Seger,R. Seto,P. Seyboth,N. Shah,P. V. Shanmuganathan,M. Shao,T. Shao,M. Sharma,N. Sharma,R. Sharma,Seema Sharma,A. I. Sheikh,D. Y. Shen,K. Shen,S. S. Shi,Y. Shi,Q. Shou,F. Si,J. B. Singh,S. Singha,P. Sinha,M. J. Skoby,N. Smirnov,Y. Söhngen,Y. Song,B. Srivastava,T. D. S. Stanislaus,M. Stefaniak,David J. Stewart,B. Stringfellow,Y. Su,A. A. P. Suaide,M. Šumbera,C. Sun,X. Sun,Y. J. Sun,Y. J. Sun,B. Surrow,Z. W. Sweger,P. Szymański,A. Tamis,A. H. Tang,Z. Tang,T. Tarnowsky,J. H. Thomas,A. R. Timmins,D. Tlusty,T. Todoroki,C. A. Tomkiel,S. Trentalange,R. E. Tribble,P. Tribedy,T. Truhlar,B. A. Trzeciak,O. D. Tsai,C. Y. Tsang,Z. Tu,T. Ullrich,D. G. Underwood,I. Upsal,G. Van Buren,J. Vaněk,I. Vassiliev,V. Verkest,F. Videbæk,S. A. Voloshin,F. Wang,G. Wang,J. S. Wang,X. Wang,Y. Wang,Y. Wang,Y. Wang,Z. Wang,J. C. Webb,P. C. Weidenkaff,G. D. Westfall,D. Wielanek,H. Wieman,G. Wilks,S. W. Wissink,R. Witt,J. Wu,J. Wu,X. Wu,Y. Wu,B. Xi,Xiao Zhang,W. Xie,H. Xu,N. Xu,Q. H. Xu,Yuanfang Xu,Yuanfang Xu,Zun-Lei Xu,Zun-Lei Xu,Yan Gao,Z. Yan,C. G. Yang,Q. Yang,S. Yang,Yang Yu,Z. Ye,Z. Ye,L. Yi,K. Yip,Y. Yu,H. Zbroszczyk,W. Zha,C. Zhang,D. Zhang,J. Zhang,S. Zhang,X. Zhang,Y. Zhang,Y. Zhang,Y. Zhang,Z. J. Zhang,Z. Zhang,Z. Zhang,Feng Zhao,Jiaxing Zhao,M. Zhao,C. Zhou,Jing Zhou,S. Zhou,Yang Zhou,Xinmei Zhu,M. Żurek,M. Zyzak
Physical Review Letters（2023）
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Abstract
We report on measurements of sequential $\Upsilon$ suppression in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 200 GeV with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) through both the dielectron and dimuon decay channels. In the 0-60% centrality class, the nuclear modification factors ($R_{\mathrm{AA}}$), which quantify the level of yield suppression in heavy-ion collisions compared to $p$+$p$ collisions, for $\Upsilon$(1S) and $\Upsilon$(2S) are $0.40 \pm 0.03~\textrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.03~\textrm{(sys.)} \pm 0.09~\textrm{(norm.)}$ and $0.26 \pm 0.08~\textrm{(stat.)} \pm 0.02~\textrm{(sys.)} \pm 0.06~\textrm{(norm.)}$, respectively, while the upper limit of the $\Upsilon$(3S) $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$ is 0.17 at a 95% confidence level. This provides experimental evidence that the $\Upsilon$(3S) is significantly more suppressed than the $\Upsilon$(1S) at RHIC. The level of suppression for $\Upsilon$(1S) is comparable to that observed at the much higher collision energy at the Large Hadron Collider. These results point to the creation of a medium at RHIC whose temperature is sufficiently high to strongly suppress excited $\Upsilon$ states.
