Listeria monocytogenes: a rare cause of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis is a common but serious complication, mostly caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of PD-associated peritonitis. We report a case of a 79-year-old man with peritonitis caused by L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a, who presented with abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, and cloudy PD effluent. He was successfully treated with intraperitoneal ampicillin during 3 weeks. We present this case to highlight this rare but serious etiology of peritonitis in PD patients and to share useful clinical information about treatment.