Personality and social rank in male bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)

Abstract The study explores the dynamics of group living and dominance hierarchies among male Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). Group living in animals offers advantages like access to resources, yet also fosters competition, often leading to dominance hierarchies. These hierarchies influence resource distribution and aggression levels. This study investigates personality traits, including confidence and aggression, and their correlation with social rank within male bighorn sheep. Through standardized personality tests and observational data, we discerned links between personality and dominance. Age influenced behavior, with younger individuals standing up earlier when approached. More dominant individuals displayed greater confidence, resuming foraging sooner after a human approach. Furthermore, aggression levels correlated with social rank between ages 1 to 6 and then gradually declined with age, with higher-ranking sheep exhibiting fewer antagonistic interactions than middle-aged males. Notably, the study indicates that experimental approaches, in addition to traditional ratings, are viable for understanding personality-dominance associations. While some personality tests, such as novel object trials and reactivity assessments, didn't yield significant correlations, the research underscores the importance of tailoring tests to the species' ecological context. The findings contribute valuable insights into the intricate interplay between personality traits, dominance hierarchies, and social dynamics within male bighorn sheep groups. Understanding these relationships enhances comprehension of species’ behaviour and fitness implications.