Toward Improved Short-Term Forecasting for Lake Victoria Basin. Part I: A Radar-Based Convective Mode Analysis

East African countries benefit economically from the largest freshwater lake in Africa: Lake Victoria (LV). Around 30 million people live along its coastline, and 5.4 million people subsist on its fishing industry. However, more than 1000 fishermen die annually by high-wave conditions often produced by severe convective wind phenomena, which marks this lake one of the deadliest places in the world for hazardous weather impacts. The World Meteorological Organization launched the 3-yr High Impact Weather Lake System (HIGHWAY) project, with the main objective to reduce loss of lives and eco-nomic goods in the lake basin and improve the resilience of the local communities. The project conducted a field campaign in 2019 aiming to provide forecasters with high-resolution observations and to study the storm life cycle over the lake basin. The research discussed here used the S-band polarimetric Tanzania radar from the field campaign to investigate the diurnal cycle of the convective mode over the lake. We classified the lake storms occurring during the two wet seasons into six different con-vective modes and present their diurnal evolution, organization, and main radar-based attributes, thereby extending the knowl-edge of convection on the lake. The result is the creation of a "convection catalog for Lake Victoria," using the operational forecast lake sectors, and defining the exact times for the different timeslots resulting from the HIGHWAY project for the ma-rine forecast. This will inform methods to improve the marine operational forecasts for Lake Victoria, and to provide the basis for new standard operation procedures (SOP) for severe weather surveillance and warning.