Description of the inclusive ( d,d′x ) reaction with the semiclassical distorted-wave model

Background: The description of deuteron-induced inclusive reactions has been an important subject in direct nuclear reaction studies and nuclear data science. For proton-induced inclusive processes, the semiclassical distorted wave model (SCDW) is one of the most successful models based on quantum mechanics.Purpose: We improve SCDW for deuteron-induced inclusive processes and clarify the importance of the proper treatment of the kinematics of the deuteron inside a nucleus.Methods: The double differential cross section (DDX) of the inclusive deuteron-emission process $(d,{d}^{\ensuremath{'}}x)$ is described by one-step SCDW. The changes in the kinematics due to the distortion effect, the refraction effect, are taken into account by the local semiclassical approximation.Results: The calculated DDXs of $(d,{d}^{\ensuremath{'}}x)$ reasonably reproduce experimental data in the small energy-transfer region and at forward and middle angles with some exceptions. The angular distributions of $(d,{d}^{\ensuremath{'}}x)$ are improved by including the refraction effect.Conclusion: The proper treatment of the changes in the kinematics of the deuteron inside a nucleus is necessary in describing the ($d,{d}^{\ensuremath{'}}x$) reaction. The effect of the changes on the DDX of $(d,{d}^{\ensuremath{'}}x)$ is significant compared to on the proton-induced inclusive process $(p,{p}^{\ensuremath{'}}x)$ because of the stronger distortion effect on the deuteron.