Posttranslational modifications and metal stress tolerance in plants

A posttranslational modification of proteins is a well-studied concept in molecular biology which adds to molecular complexity in the cells, allowing them to respond to a variety of physiological conditions, including different stresses. Heavy metals pose a survival threat to plants when present beyond a critical threshold. Nevertheless, plants have evolved to handle heavy metal exposure by utilizing various strategies for avoidance and exclusion. Posttranslational modifications are now being considered for deployment in germplasm screening and crop improvement due to their potential in generating plant resilience against stresses. The metabolic benefits of posttranslational modifications have been discussed here, along with examples where their involvement in heavy metal stress response has been deciphered. Related examples from other systems have been described, where information on plants is scanty. Finally, emerging paradigms in research for posttranslational modifications and heavy metal stress response have been reviewed.