“Host-gut microbiota” interactions in a case of eubiosis and dysbiosis

This review consolidates the data of recent Russian and foreign research works, considering how gut microbiota composition and gut metabolites can affect metabolic disorders. From the standpoint of modern concepts, the authors discuss the functions of the immune system responsible for maintaining relationships with symbiotic microorganisms, analyze the accumulated information on the participation of metabolites of gut microflora in the development of pathological conditions. According to the results of the last two decades achieved, challenges ahead include translation of findings and mechanisms into clinical practice and development of therapeutic options and regimens that target metabolic risks by modulation of gut microbes and metabolites.