Balloon angioplasty for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm

Abstract Objective Cerebral vasospasm, or delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), is a subarachnoid hemorrhage complication that increases morbidity and mortality. DCI treatment with balloon percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in adults is well known, but data in preschool children are scarce because of its rarity. In addition, the smaller diameters and fragility of the vessels in childhood might lead to complications. This study presents two cases of DCI in children treated with balloon angioplasty. Therefore, it may contribute to a better understanding of the role of PTA as an effective treatment modality in this population. Methods Two children (3 and 5-year-old) with DCI were treated with balloon PTA after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Results Both patients survived without complications or new infarction. Conclusions Balloon angioplasty for proximal DCI may improve clinical outcomes in selected pediatric patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the best candidates, materials and techniques.