Abstract Number: LBA11 CADASIL revealed by COVID‐19: A case report and systematic review

Introduction Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with subcortical Infarcts and leuko‐encephalopathy (CADASIL) is a genetic condition characterized by migraine, ischemic strokes, mood disturbances, and cognitive impairment. Since COVID‐19 pandemic started in late 2019, six patients (including our case) were reported to present with neurological symptoms associated with CADASIL mutation and four of them were diagnosed while hospitalized for COVID‐19 illness. Methods A case report anda systematic literature review done via PubMed search that was performed up to Oct 15, 2022. Studies reporting on CADASIL and COVID‐19 infection were included. Results In addition to our case report, 5 case‐reports were identified, and full articles were reviewed and summarized. Including our case, the mean age of patients was 45.44 years, and all of them were females. The diagnosis of CADASIL was established after COVID‐19 infection in four of the cases including ours, while the diagnosis of CADASIL was established in the other two patients after neurological symptoms and prior strokes warranting investigations and stroke workup. CADASIL diagnosis was confirmed with genetic testing in all of them. Two cases had history of migraines with aura, three cases had hypertension, and two patients had unremarkable past medical history. Four cases reported dysarthria as one of the initial symptoms at presentation. The initial MRI brain reported involvement of corona radiata in two cases, centrum semiovale in two cases, cerebellum in one case. All cases reported bilateral changes on imaging. Aspirin, clopidogrel, statins, intravenous immunoglobulins, and steroids were the medical treatment modalities used amongst those patients. Four cases had mild‐complete recovery of symptoms, one case was reported to have partial resolution of deficits, and one patient had complete resolution of motor deficit and persistent mild neurocognitive dysfunction. Conclusions COVID‐19 infection might be a triggering factor forCADASIL flare. Although it is unclear whether CADASIL mutations would be the only etiology behind the neurological deficits in these patients, as COVID‐19 infection has been reported to be associated with many neurological manifestations, the reported imaging findings along with the genetic confirmation weighs more towards COVID‐19 infection acting as a trigger for CADASIL flare.