A Review of Municipal Waste Management with Zero Waste Concept: Strategies, Potential and Challenge in Indonesia

Municipal waste management is still a significant problem for solid waste issues in Indonesia. Only 60 to 70% of the waste generated is disposed of in landfills, the rest is dispersed in different areas. The potential for leachate pollution, greenhouse gases, and a waste of non-renewable natural resources can occur due to municipal waste management problems not being optimal. Municipal waste management needs a holistic concept that would include upstream to downstream stages. This paper comprehensively reviews municipal waste management with a zero waste concept based on management, development, measuring, implementations, strategies, potentials, and challenges in Indonesia. The zero waste concept offers waste management, starting with waste elimination, recycling, reduction, and recovery of used goods. Several municipalities around the globe, such as Canberra, Adelaide (Australia), Stockholm (Sweden), Nova-Scotia (Canada), and San Francisco (United States), have decided on targets for zero waste cities. Indonesia is still implementing waste management that accentuates disposal in landfills, so there needs to be a literature study related to the management, development, measuring, implementations, strategies, potentials, and challenges of Indonesia’s zero waste concept.