Protective effect of vitamins A, E and C on the Zinc oxide nanoparticles induced oxidative stress status in Kidney of male Wistar rats

Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of All-trans retinoic acid, Alpha-tocopherol, and vitamin C against on ZnO-NP-induced kidney damage. Material and methods Fifty-four rats were divided into nine groups including Groups Con1 (deionized water), Con2 (olive oil), VitA (All-trans retinoic acid 1000IU/Kg), Group VitE (Alpha-tocopherol 100IU/Kg), VitC (Vitamin C 200 mg/Kg), ZnO (ZnO-NPs 200 mg/Kg), ZnO + VitA (All-trans retinoic acid 1000 mg/Kg + ZnO-NP 200mg/Kg), ZnO + VitE (Alpha-tocopherol 100IU/kg + ZnO-NP 200mg/Kg) and ZnO + VitC (VitaminC 200 mg/Kg + ZnO-NPs 200 mg/Kg). Expression of Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Superoxide mutase (SOD) genes were evaluated by Real-time PCR. Urea, Creatinine, Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Total oxidant status (TOS), Malondialdehyde (MDA), CAT, GPX and SOD activity were assayed by colorimetric methods. Results ZnO-NPs decreased TAC levels and, CAT, GPX, and SOD activity, and increased the levels of Urea, TOS, and MDA in the kidney. ZnO-NPs also caused to histopatological lesions in the tissue. Treatment with All-trans retinoic acid and Alpha-tocopherol prevented the worsening of oxidative stress and increased Urea and BUN levels. Thus, the mentioned variables in the ZnO + VitA and ZnO + VitE groups were not significantly different from those in the control groups. These vitamins improved the ZnO-NPs-induced kidney lesions. Conclusion Although present study revealed All-trans retinoic acid and Alpha-tocopherol partly prevent ZnO-NP-induced kidney damage, no significant difference was observed between the level of the studied variables in the groups ZnO + VitA and ZnO + VitE, and group ZnO. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate effect of these vitamins effects on ZnO-NP-induced nephrotoxicity with emphasis on other aspects such as inflammation.