Translation and Transcription Processes in the Writing Skills of Children With Developmental Language Disorder

Children with difficulties in language learning experience considerable problems in writing and spelling. This systematic review explores the research literature that has been conducted with children who have language learning difficulties (developmental language disorder) through the lens of Chenoweth and Hayes' (2003) model of writing. The model proposes that, when writing, ideas are translated into language, are processed through an evaluator/reviser, and then undergo transcription. The results of the systematic review indicate a pattern of delay in the development of translation and transcription processes relative to chronologically age-matched peers. Findings are considered with reference to future directions in research and clinical and educational implications.