Research on Spoofing Detection Based on C/N0 Measurements for GNSS Array Receivers

In recent years, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) spoofing detection techniques have attracted wide attention. Compared with jamming, spoofing which always hides in the shadows has stronger concealment leading to more threat to the security of receivers. Carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0) is one of the important measurements of receiver. Spoofing may cause abnormal changes in the C/N0, but the variations of the C/N0 are not obvious in most cases, and it is liable to cause false alarm in the presence of jamming. Based on antenna arrays, this paper theoretically derives the effective C/N0 model of array receivers as spoofing successfully or unsuccessfully captures tracking loop. And we demonstrate that the C/N0 single difference (CSD) between satellites can be the testing statistic for spoofing detection. Simulation results show that the proposed method can detect the abnormal C/N0 features of counterfeit signals after anti-jamming for the antenna array. This method does not require modifications to the hardware configuration of conventional receivers and can provide an effective defense for array receiver in the combination of jamming and spoofing attacks.