Understanding demolition

This special issue explores when, why and how demolition occurs with the aim understand its environmental, socio-economic and cultural drivers, and consequences in policy and practice alike. Based on previous research, demolition is known to have many adverse effects. The potential for avoiding building replacement (demolition and subsequent new build) and favouring retention is also in this special issue's interest. The papers in the issue contribute insights from different scales, from the level of a building that of a city. As a whole, the articles touch upon all types of impacts, i.e. environmental, economic and socio-cultural aspects. Eight case studies from various contexts, mainly Europe, but also the US and Australia, contribute novel methods, findings and policy insights. This editorial sets the need and background for research into demolition, classifies the included papers to three categories, explains their contributions to research and practice, and outlines outstanding research gaps and agenda for further research. The papers are categorised as: (1) drivers and policies on demolition versus retention; (2) environmental and social impact assessment at building level; and (3) practical demolition decision -making. The contributions suggest, among other findings, positive environmental impacts from building retention as opposed to demolition, and discuss how policy designs from the city to the building level can either encourage or discourage retention. Due to its implications, many of which remain understudied, demolition and alternatives should gain importance on research, design, planning, construction and estate agendas in the years to come.