Carbonaceous materials and carbon matrix composites utilized in heat sinks and heat exchangers: A review

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are often used to make high-value and safety–critical parts, so knowing how they react to different machining processes is essential. Due to their heterogeneous structure, non-uniform mechanical and thermal behaviour, and the hardness of at least one of their sections, machining CMCs can lead to significant mechanical and thermal strains. Because CMC surfaces are orthotropic, brittle, and different, they have unique flaws and need special techniques to remove the material. This study seeks to provide an impartial evaluation of the impact of various machining techniques on the machined surfaces of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on typical and novel machining. This article presents a concise review of contemporary methodologies employed in the characterization of materials, which facilitate the detection, quantification, and accentuation of mechanical and thermal surface and subsurface anomalies. Composites are attracting a lot of attention from the aerospace, automotive, and construction industries because they are more resilient per unit of weight than non-reinforced materials. Various filler materials and unique matrix ingredients are intricately combined to produce a wide variety of composites. These filler ingredients, which may include fibres, particles, or flakes, entwine intricately with the matrix to produce a composite material that possesses the distinctive qualities of both of its components.