β‐Catenin in the kidney stroma modulates pathways and genes to regulate kidney development

Abstract Background Kidney development is regulated by cellular interactions between the ureteric epithelium, mesenchyme, and stroma. Previous studies demonstrate essential roles for stromal β‐catenin in kidney development. However, how stromal β‐catenin regulates kidney development is not known. We hypothesize that stromal β‐catenin modulates pathways and genes that facilitate communications with neighboring cell populations to regulate kidney development. Results We isolated purified stromal cells with wild type, deficient, and overexpressed β‐catenin by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting and conducted RNA Sequencing. A Gene Ontology network analysis demonstrated that stromal β‐catenin modulates key kidney developmental processes, including branching morphogenesis, nephrogenesis and vascular formation. Specific stromal β‐catenin candidate target genes that may mediate these effects included secreted, cell‐surface and transcriptional factors that regulate branching morphogenesis and nephrogenesis ( Wnts , Bmp , Fgfr , Tcf/Lef ) and secreted vascular guidance cues ( Angpt1 , VEGF , Sema3a ). We validated established β‐catenin targets including Lef1 and novel candidate β‐catenin targets including Sema3e which have unknown roles in kidney development. Conclusions These studies advance our understanding of gene and biological pathway dysregulation in the context of stromal β‐catenin misexpression during kidney development. Our findings suggest that during normal kidney development, stromal β‐catenin may regulate secreted and cell‐surface proteins to communicate with adjacent cell populations.