Development of hybrid immunity during a period of high incidence of Omicron infections

Anja Frei,Marco Kaufmann,Rebecca Amati,Audrey Butty Dettwiler,Viktor von Wyl,Anna Maria Annoni,Julia Vincentini,Céline Pellaton,Giuseppe Pantaleo,Jan Fehr,Valérie D’Acremont, Murielle Bochud,Emiliano Albanese,Milo A. Puhan,Emiliano Albanese,Rebecca Amati, Antonio Amendola,Alexia Anagnostopoulos,Daniela Anker,Anna Maria Annoni,Hélène E Aschmann,Andrew S. Azman, Antoine Bal,Tala Ballouz,Hélène Baysson,Kleona Bezani, Annette Blattmann, Patrick Bleich, Murielle Bochud,Patrick Bodenmann, Gaëlle Bryand Rumley, Peter Buttaroni,Audrey Butty Dettwiler,Anne-Linda Camerini,Arnaud Chioléro,Patricia Chocano-Bedoya,Prune Collombet,Laurie Corna,Luca Crivelli,Stéphane Cullati,Valérie D’Acremont, Diana Sofia Da Costa Santos, Agathe Deschamps, Paola D’Ippolito,Anja Domenghino,Richard Dubos,Roxane Dumont,Olivier Duperrex,Julien Dupraz, Malik Egger, Emna El-May, Nacira El Merjani, Nathalie Engler,Adina Mihaela Epure, Lukas Erksam,Sandrine Estoppey,Marta Fadda,Vincent Faivre,Jan Fehr, Andrea Felappi,Maddalena Fiordelli,Antoine Flahault,Luc Fornerod, Cristina Fragoso Corti, Natalie Francioli, Marion Frangville,Irène Frank,Giovanni Franscella,Anja Frei,Marco Geigges,Semira Gonseth Nusslé,Clément Graindorge, Idris Guessous,Erika Harju, Séverine Harnal,Medea Imboden, Emilie Jendly,Ayoung Jeong,Christian R. Kahlert,Laurent Kaiser,Marco Kaufmann,Marco Kaufmann,Dirk Keidel, Simone Kessler,Philipp Köhler, Christine Krähenbühl,Susi Kriemler,Julien Lamour,Sara Levati,Pierre Lescuyer,Andrea Loizeau,Elsa Lorthe,Chantal Luedi, Jean‐Luc Magnin, Chantal Martinez,Éric Masserey,Dominik Menges,Gisela Michel, Rosalba Morese,Nicolai Mösli, Natacha Noël,Daniel Paris,Jérôme Pasquier,Francesco Pennacchio, Stefan M. Pfister,Gîovanni Piumatti, Géraldine Poulain,Nicole Probst‐Hensch, Caroline Pugin,Milo A. Puhan,Nick Pullen,Thomas Radtke,Manuela Rasi,Aude Richard,Viviane Richard, Claude-François Robert,Pierre-Yves Rodondi,Nicolas Rodondi,Serena Sabatini, Khadija Samir, Javier Sanchis Zozaya, Virginie Schlüter, Alexandra Schmid,Valentine Schneider, Maria Schüpbach,Nathalie Schwab,Claire Semaani,Alexandre Speierer,Amélie Steiner-Dubuis,Silvia Stringhini,Stefano Tancredi, Stéphanie Testini,Julien Thabard, Mauro Tonolla, Nicolas Troillet,Agnė Ulytė,Sophie Vassaux,Thomas Vermes,Jennifer Villers,Viktor von Wyl,Cornelia Wagner, Rylana Wenger,Erin West,Ania Wisniak,Melissa Witzig,María-Eugenia Zaballa,Kyra D. Zens,Claire Zuppinger

International Journal of Epidemiology(2023)

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摘要
Abstract Background Seroprevalence and the proportion of people with neutralizing activity (functional immunity) against SARS-CoV-2 variants were high in early 2022. In this prospective, population- based, multi-region cohort study, we assessed the development of functional and hybrid immunity (induced by vaccination and infection) in the general population during this period of high incidence of infections with Omicron variants. Methods We randomly selected and assessed individuals aged ≥16 years from the general population in southern (n = 739) and north-eastern (n = 964) Switzerland in March 2022. We assessed them again in June/July 2022, supplemented with a random sample from western (n = 850) Switzerland. We measured SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies against three variants (ancestral strain, Delta, Omicron). Results Seroprevalence remained stable from March 2022 (97.6%, n = 1894) to June/July 2022 (98.4%, n = 2553). In June/July, the percentage of individuals with neutralizing capacity against ancestral strain was 94.2%, against Delta 90.8% and against Omicron 84.9%, and 50.6% developed hybrid immunity. Individuals with hybrid immunity had highest median levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies titres [4518 World Health Organization units per millilitre (WHO U/mL)] compared with those with only vaccine- (4304 WHO U/mL) or infection- (269 WHO U/mL) induced immunity, and highest neutralization capacity against ancestral strain (hybrid: 99.8%, vaccinated: 98%, infected: 47.5%), Delta (hybrid: 99%, vaccinated: 92.2%, infected: 38.7%) and Omicron (hybrid: 96.4%, vaccinated: 79.5%, infected: 47.5%). Conclusions This first study on functional and hybrid immunity in the Swiss general population after Omicron waves showed that SARS-CoV-2 has become endemic. The high levels of antibodies and neutralization support the emerging recommendations of some countries where booster vaccinations are still strongly recommended for vulnerable persons but less so for the general population.
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omicron infections,hybrid immunity
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