Risk Factors for Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Non-Solid and Solid Transplant Recipients

Transplant patients are high risk for surgery due to their immunocompromised state. There is a paucity of evidence concerning the differences in incidence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in solid versus non-solid organ transplant. Our aim is to analyze the difference in incidence of CRS requiring endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) between non-solid and solid transplant populations and determine if certain risk factors are associated with increased incidence of recalcitrant CRS in non-solid versus solid transplants.Retrospective cohort.Multisite tertiary academic center.This is a retrospective chart review of 1303 transplant recipients who were seen in our rhinologic clinic for CRS between 2017 and 2022. A total of 224 patients underwent ESS and were further analyzed for risk factors associated with recalcitrant disease requiring sinus surgery. Subgroup analysis based on solid and non-solid organ transplant was performed.Of the 224 patients in the study, 171/224 (76.3%) had solid transplants while 53/224 (23.6%) had non-solid transplants. 17.19% of all transplant recipients required ESS. The incidence of ESS in non-solid transplants was 28.2% versus 57% in solid transplant. The risk of recalcitrant CRS in solid transplant recipients was almost 1.78 times greater than those with non-solid organ transplant (95% CI, 1.27-2.54, p = 0.0005). Individual factors such as certain immunotherapy drugs, pancytopenia, and rejection appear to correlate with the risk of ESS in both non-solid and solid organ transplant.Risk of ESS was greater in the solid transplant recipients compared to those who received non-solid organ transplant.