Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Pyramidal Horn Arrays Design Using Analytical Techniques

This chapter describes the design and modeling of horn-based phased-array antennas using analytical approaches. Phased-array antennas are important devices for 5G wireless technologies since their radiation patterns can be reinforced in the desired direction and provide high directivity, which can be suppressed in the undesired direction. In this chapter, analytical analysis has been used for single horn element design. Various analytical formulations proposed by previous researchers were comprehensively reviewed. Once a single horn element has been designed, N number of horn elements were arranged in a 2D array to become a horn-based phased-array antenna. The universal antenna factor formula was used to model the phased-array antenna. The uncertainty of the antenna factor formula was studied since the formula has not mentioned which type of antenna element is suitable to be implemented. The calculated and simulated gain and radiation patterns for the horn-based phased-array antenna obtained from the analytical formula and commercial EM simulator were compared and analyzed.