Position-Based Adaptive Beamforming and Roadside Unit Sectorization for V2I Communications

The unique shape of the mobile service area in vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) networks necessitates a reevaluation of roadside unit sectorization and multi-user transmission frameworks. First, an analytical guideline is developed for choosing the optimal array tilting angle by considering the unique street geometry. Second, we propose beamforming strategies to enhance the spectral efficiency by compensating the skewed distribution towards one direction of spatial frequency domain. A beamforming solution is developed to maximize the effective beamforming gain, utilizing only the position variables of the vehicles. Lastly, an adaptive beamforming algorithm is developed to switch between single-user or multi-user transmission modes by considering the position of vehicles and large-scale channel parameters.