Optimal Trading of a Hybrid Electric, Hydrogen and Gas Fueling Station in Day-Ahead and Intra-day Markets: Modeling Aspect

Energy crisis and environmental concerns encourage the adoptions of substitute transportation options instead of the conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. The electric, hydrogen and natural gas vehicles are promising alternatives, so more attention should be paid to the economic and operational features of their charging stations. This paper proposes a multifunction charging station to refill electric, hydrogen and natural gas vehicles which takes part in the day-ahead and intra-day markets. The objective of this station is to maximize its profit by attaining the optimal operation of the devices and bidding curves. Coordinated bidding is considered since this charging station participates in the sequential markets with different price scenarios. The clearing prices and dispatched amounts in both markets are unknown at the time of bidding. This problem is formulated as a two-stage stochastic program since the markets are cleared sequentially and the prices are revealed gradually. Finally, the economic effectiveness of the proposed multifunction charging station is analyzed in different scenarios.