Identical Particles

In 1925, even before the Schrödinger equation was published, Wolfgang Pauli enunciated the principle that is named after him today. Pauli’s exclusion principle allows for applying the ideas developed in previous Chapters to systems formed by many identical particles. This includes the application of Pauli’s exclusion principle for describing atoms, a precise yet brief visit to a relativistic Fermi gas, and the discussion of the importance of including relativity for describing the formation of black holes in Cosmology.