Identity of virus-specific and cross-reactive T cell memory to mpox
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY(2023)
摘要
Abstract The unprecedented spread of mpox (previously known as monkeypox) in several countries worldwide has led the WHO to declare the mpox outbreak a global health emergency in 2022. T cell responses are likely to play a central role in the resolution of the mpox infection. However, the prevalence and phenotype of mpox-specific T cells have not been investigated in detail, and the extent of cross-reactive immunological memory following previous smallpox vaccination is not known. Here, we assessed T cell responses to mpox infection in n=22 convalescent patients and n=53 healthy blood donors of different age groups, using CD4- and CD8-targeted peptide pools and optimal peptides through activation-induced marker (AIM), functional, and tetramer assays. We observed considerable CD4 and CD8 T cell activation among mpox patients in response to the peptide pools. Surprisingly, we did not detect differences between age groups of non-infected donors, despite previous exposure of older individuals to smallpox vaccination. Investigation of n=3 mpox-cross-reactive immunodominant vaccinia epitopes revealed that memory cells, although present, were maintained at comparable frequencies to naïve T cell precursors in older individuals. CD8+ T cells specific for the cross-reactive epitopes were significantly expanded and acquired an effector memory phenotype of elevated T-bet and Granzyme-B levels after mpox infection. Our data demonstrate low magnitudes of cross-reactive T cells against mpox across different age groups, whereas mpox infection leads to robust induction of effector memory T cells with strong recall potential. Supported by SNF Post-doc mobility grant (P500PB_211069)
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关键词
cell,memory,virus-specific,cross-reactive
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