SmartGP: A Framework for a Two-Factor Graphical Password Authentication Using Smart Devices

Authentication procedures are employed to verify and validate user’s identification on various smart devices and a variety of digital apps. Alphanumeric and Personal Identification Number (PIN)-based passwords are easy to remember and replicate. However, they are vulnerable to different types of attacks. Alternative to traditional passwords, Graphical Passwords (GP) have gained popularity as they are harder to crack, more user-friendly, and offer more password space. On the other hand, Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) provides an extra layer of protection to the system by requiring additional login credentials. Nowadays, 2FA is widely used and gaining popularity. This paper introduces a novel and reliable user authentication method for Android Smartphones, namely SmartGP. It is deployed on Smartwatch which plays as the second factor during authentication. SmartGP is a robust, usable, and secure 2FA graphic al authentication system with an average accuracy of 94.99% and an average login time of 24.19 s.