Epidemiological features of glial neoplasms in adults in the nizhny novgorod region for the period 2017-2021

Glial brain tumors do not have such a high prevalence compared to neoplasms of other localizations. But at the same time, they affect people of working age, significantly affect the quality of life of patients, and according to the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, more than 80% of deaths from CNS neoplasms are associated with gliomas. At the same time, despite the improvement in the analysis of molecular backgrounds and the development of classifications of brain tumors, the etiology, risk factors and variability of gliomas remain poorly understood, and the survival rate remains low. To understand the factors, trends in gliomagenesis, and to detect regional features, a holistic generalization of data is necessary. In the Russian Federation, and in particular, in the Nizhny Novgorod region, the collection of data on the studied nosology is limited. Thus, the aim of the study was to systematize and visualize the available epidemiological data on cases of glial neoplasms in adults within the Nizhny Novgorod region. The subject of the study was the incidence of gliomas, the distribution of cases by gender, age and localization, including depending on the morphological variant and degree of malignancy. For the most complete review, materials of revisions and archival data of Nizhny Novgorod institutions with specialized neurosurgical departments were used. As a result of the study, a significant increase in the number of detected cases of gliomas has been noted since 2019. There was a fairly high relative incidence of oligodendrogliomas and grade 4 gliomas. A rather high age median was recorded for cases of grade 4 astrocytomas, which was 58 years. The predominance of left-sided localization was also noted for the majority of glial neoplasms. In general, gliomas showed structural heterogeneity within the group in all studied parameters. Many of the data have similar trends to US and European observations, but are also marked by regional differences.