Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) as an Alternative Energy Source: The Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Sustainable and Renewable Energy in Malaysia

Due to the exponential rate of waste production worldwide, the development of newly emerging technologies is rising and advancing proportionately. Entailed instalment of sophisticated sustainable and renewable energy development is constantly expanding to meet the socio‐economic demands of communities and industries. Innumerable advanced technologies have been introduced to acquire for alternative energy sources and to minimise waste pollution while reducing emissions of greenhouse gases hence, combatting the impact of global warming. Among the energy conversion technologies includes gasification, pyrolysis, incineration, landfill, and bioelectrochemical technologies mainly microbial fuel cell (MFC), microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), and microbial electrosynthesis (MES). This chapter starts off with an overview of the current trend of sustainable and renewable energy in Malaysia. Next, the application of MFC is being discussed in the context of wastewater treatment and its potential application as an alternative source of renewable energy. Finally, the public acceptance and perceptions towards sustainable and renewable energy are also considered and discussed.